Esophageal cancer is managed by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists.

Treatment modalities for esophageal cancer encompass a range of options such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and palliative care. Selection among these approaches is determined by factors including the cancer’s stage and the patient’s individual health profile.

Esophageal cancer can be potentially curable, particularly if diagnosed in its early stages. The likelihood of a cure is contingent upon factors such as the cancer’s stage, location, and the overall health status of the patient.

Tobacco and Alcohol Use: Both increase the risk of esophageal cancer significantly.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux can lead to Barrett’s esophagus, a precursor to cancer.

Diet and Obesity: Poor diet, obesity, and lack of physical activity are known risk factors.

The final stage of esophageal cancer, known as stage 4 or advanced/metastatic cancer, indicates the spread of cancer cells to distant organs or lymph nodes. Palliative care is primarily focused on symptom management and enhancing the patient’s quality of life.