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Achalasia May Raise the Risk of Early Death, Study Finds

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All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality in Achalasia A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.DOI 10.1016j.cgh.2025.02.011

Achalasia is a rare disease that makes swallowing food difficult. It happens when the muscles in the food pipe stop working properly. A new study from Sweden followed more than 700 people with achalasia for up to 50 years. It found that people with this condition had a higher risk of dying earlier than those without it.

The risk of death was about 40% higher in people with achalasia. This means that for every 6 people with achalasia, one extra person may die within 10 years, compared to the general population.

The biggest increase in risk came from certain types of cancer—especially cancer of the esophagus. People with achalasia were also more likely to die from breathing problems. This might happen if food or liquid goes into the lungs by accident. Heart-related deaths were not higher in this group.

These findings show that achalasia is not just about swallowing trouble. It can lead to serious long-term health problems. That’s why regular follow-up is important—even after treatment. Doctors can watch for signs of cancer or lung problems and help manage them early.

If you have achalasia, ask your doctor about long-term monitoring. Make sure to report any new symptoms, especially chest pain, weight loss, or breathing issues. With the right care, many problems can be caught early and treated.

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